Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper

Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Late Adulthood and End of Life Paper Throughout a people life expectancy, an individual encounters numerous essential changes both genuinely and intellectually. Of these life stages, none is increasingly troublesome a reality as late adulthood. People are given a sample of youth and essentialness, and must look as it is gradually removed. In certain societies, the older are treated with deference and care, and in others, the old are viewed as a weight and get little regard and poor consideration. How do view of death and kicking the bucket differ from culture to culture? The antiquated Egyptians spent their whole lives planning for death and life following death, yet how do different societies see these encounters? To increase a superior viewpoint on late adulthood and the finish of life, this paper will give data on the zones of worry during these life stages, for example, wellbeing and health, generalizations related with late adulthood, and social perspective on death and kicking the bucket. Wellbeing and health in late adulthood As people age the human body encounters numerous physical and mental changes. Maturing or senescence speaks to these progressions that the human body experiences which reduces the body’s ability to recover making it helpless against ailment and malady (Berger, 2008). As indicated by Berger (2008), â€Å"Gerontologists recognize essential maturing, the widespread changes that happen with senescence, and optional maturing, the outcomes of specific diseases† (p. 620). The physical changes related with maturing are regularly slow with recognizable decreases in hearing, vision, taste, and smell (Mesa Community College, 1997). Notwithstanding the decrease in tangible capacities, some older people experience increasingly conspicuous wellbeing concerns, for example, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and a lessening in lung work. Other progressively genuine wellbeing worries that normally emerge in late adulthood are those of malignancy, coronary illness, and Alzheimer’s. Frequently wretchedness can be a fundamental supporter of bombing wellbeing as increments in medical problems and encountering the passing of loved ones makes one’s own mortality increasingly clear. Not all people in late adulthood experience the ill effects of these wellbeing diseases. There are various way of life factors that can add to sickness, and can be modified to furnish a person with a more beneficial progressively dynamic life. There are various straightforward way of life changes an individual can make that can aid their wellbeing and health and furthermore decline a portion of the negative impacts of maturing, for example, more advantageous dietary patterns, exercise, and ordinary clinical tests. More advantageous dietary patterns include devouring the best possible measures of organic products, vegetables, entire grains, dairy, and protein consistently. Adjusted suppers and solid bites can expand vitality and avoid likely ailment and malady. Exercise is likewise a significant factor in adding to wellbeing in late adulthood as exercise expands blood stream, constructs solid heart muscle, builds lung capacities, and builds portability. Versatility is regularly a factor in more seasoned grown-ups who become stationary making muscles decay and improve the probability of blood clumps and heart-related issues. Steering clinical tests can likewise advance wellbeing and wellbeing by checking current clinical issues and diagnosing new medical problems. This permits specialists to analyze appropriately and treat sickness and infection early. Ageism and generalizations Ageism alludes to preference against older people by the utilization of generalizations. As per an article gave by Net Industries (2011), â€Å"Ageism happens all through society in fluctuating degrees, in TV, promoting, motion pictures, stores, medical clinics, and jobs† (p. 62). Society accept that with the expansion old enough comes a decline in resources, which is a suspicion that isn't in every case valid. More youthful people commonly hold adverse generalizations in regards to older individuals (Net Industries, 2011). Frequently more established people are viewed as more slow, progressively expensive, and less versatile to change than more youthful people making assignments, for example, discovering work and accepting equivalent treatment troublesome. As indicated by an article gave by Net Industries (2011), â€Å"Studies reliably exhibit that there is no connection among's age and occupation execution, regardless of the normal generalization that profitability decays with age. Without a doubt, look into uncovers that some educated capacities may even improve with age† (p. 62). Frequently more established grown-ups are treated as kids by society making presumptions of their capacities and mental working. Perspectives of death and kicking the bucket Death at any phase in life is close to home and holds various implications to various individuals. Society puts a lot of importance on death dependent on age, circumstance, and their own encounters and convictions. The perspectives of death and passing on in youth are restricted; notwithstanding, kids have a fundamental comprehension of death by the age of two through their own perceptions of relatives (Berger, 2008). Youngsters who are kicking the bucket regularly dread passing as they don't have a completely evolved idea of biting the dust and partner demise with surrender (Berger, 2008). At this life stage, it is critical to have direction from their folks to increase a superior comprehension of death and biting the dust. Demise and kicking the bucket in immaturity is regularly a doubt as young people in this life stage place less an incentive on life and mineral frequently foolish and untrustworthy with their lives and the lives of others. An alternate perspective of death and passing on is found in adulthood as the truth of their own mortality is recognized and the lives of their relatives. Ordinarily grown-ups don't fear demise in light of development and information on death. The dread and concern is for leaving incomplete business, for example, bringing up their kids. Nervousness works in grown-ups viewing ridiculously to the acknowledgment of their age and getting nearer to death as they keep on maturing. Grown-ups have built up a solid regard forever and the deplorability of death. In late adulthood, more seasoned grown-ups have minimal tension about death and passing on as they know about and acknowledge their mortality and frequently have a set up profound conviction of an existence in the wake of death after their human demise. Frequently passing is related with alleviation when a more seasoned grown-up has a genuine ailment or a lot of physical torment or bombing psychological wellness. Social perspectives towards death and kicking the bucket Perspectives toward death and kicking the bucket are frequently extraordinary dependent on social and strict contrasts. A few societies base their emotions toward death on profound convictions though different societies put stock in a higher force and a guaranteed endlessness. In Buddhism, passing is only a procedure in which an individual must suffer to be renewed (Berger, 2008). Buddhists don't dear biting the dust yet accept that it brings harmony and edification. In Hinduism, passing is likewise a procedure of new life. Passing includes the whole family getting ready for their adored one and take the stand individual’s plummet to resurrection. In Judaism, little hugeness is set on the physical body of a person. People are covered inside one day after death, and the individual is grieved by loved ones together at home for one-week (Berger, 2008). Jewish people put stock in the festival of life more than that of death. Christianity and Islam are fundamentally the same as in convictions as death is considered simply the methods for their human lives finishing and their unceasing life starting whether it is paradise or hellfire. Demise in Christianity and the Islamic confidence can be positive or negative contingent upon the individual’s commitment and confidence in God. All people paying little mind to culture or religion trust in death without torment that comes rapidly in the wake of carrying on with a long life in the organization of loved ones (Burgess, 2008). Decision Late adulthood is a period in an individual’s life length that makes physical and passionate challenges. Sickness and ailment cause genuine medical problems that can influence an individual’s personal satisfaction; be that as it may, good dieting propensities, work out, and appropriate clinical consideration can help with improving and expanding an individual’s life. Demise is an unavoidable piece of life that everybody must face. At the point when that opportunity arrives, passing can be a tranquil discharge from torment or an excursion to profound edification. References Berger, K. S. (2008). The creating individual through the life expectancy. (seventh ed. ). New York: Worth Publishers. Plateau Community College. (1997). The formative brain research bulletin: Late adulthood. Recovered from: http://www. mesacc. edu. Net Industries. (2011). Ageism †Stereotypes about age and more established people. p. 62. Recovered from: <a href=†http://medication. jrank. organization/pages/57/Ageism-Stereotypes-about-age-more established people. html†>Ageism †Stereotypes About Age And Older Persons</a>

My Three Most Recent Classical Escapades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Three Most Recent Classical Escapades - Essay Example Eight months back, I was fortunate to have the London Symphony Orchestra in an uncommon scene at Renee and Henry Segerstrom Concert Hall. The symphony under Valery Gergiev’s bearing had made for the crowd an achievement high with joys of Prokofiev’s fifth and 6th orchestras (LSO Press) turning into that unbelievable second the backbone of the violin concerto which the outfit took to the degree of virtuoso. The raving Russian conductor had his exceptionally impossible to miss method of getting each bow on harmony to direct surfaces of beat with a wide scope of crescendo from which to pick a component both of mellowness or of seriousness. Laid back on my seat around ten meters from the stage, strains affixed with me each shaken sense that my thankfulness developed with extraordinary interest starting with one level on then onto the next as though a wide-looked at scene shut into tension. A specific story was being weaved development upon development like a demonstration in a play, while the rhythm brought signs where catastrophe must come in, the point to stay all things considered or in any case shock free with the enchanted breezes, as their coordinated effort with the strings anticipated subsidence of the last to tell which part would loosen up heart pulsating.

What Is a Marriage and Family Therapist

What Is a Marriage and Family Therapist Student Resources Careers Print What Is a Marriage and Family Therapist? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on June 15, 2018 Bruce Ayres / The Image Bank / Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Couples and families face unique problems, which is why they often seek out help from marriage and family therapists. These professionals are trained to deal specifically with interpersonal issues that arise in individuals, couples, families, and groups. Are interested in a career in this field? Get a better idea of what marriage and family professionals do, where they work and how much they earn in this overview of this fascinating profession. What They Do Marriage and family therapists assess, diagnose and treat mental illness and psychological distress within the context of the marriage and family systems. The professionals provide counseling services in several different areas including premarital counseling, relationship counseling, child counseling and separation and divorce counseling. Some of the typical tasks that a marriage and family therapist might perform on a regular basis include: Diagnosing and treating mental disordersConducting psychotherapy with individuals, couples,  and familiesDeveloping treatment plansHelping clients develop new interpersonal communication skillsCollecting information about clients through self-report inventories, interviews, observations, discussions and formal assessments. In addition to providing client services, many professionals in the field spend time marketing their services, particularly if they work in private practice. Completing paperwork and dealing with insurance companies also takes up a significant portion of a therapists time. When working with a client, therapists need to maintain accurate case progress notes, keep a record of evaluations, and note any recommendations for further treatment. So what makes marriage and family therapists different from other kinds of therapists? While they offer psychotherapy and attend to mental health issues, they focus more on how family dynamics impact psychological health. On a daily basis, they might deal with numerous different client issues such as self-esteem, self-harm, depression, anxiety, grief, anger, and relationship problems. Where They Work Family therapists work in a range of employment areas including outpatient care centers, individual and family services, local and state governments and the offices of other healthcare providers. Other common work settings include private practices, inpatient mental health facilities, schools, universities and health clinics. Since marriage and family therapists often have to adapt to their clients schedules, working evening and weekend hours is not uncommon. How Much They Earn As of May 2014, the median annual salary for marriage and family therapists was $48,040. According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook, the highest paying industries for this profession include: State government -  $67,380 (median annual wage)Local government - $55,260Offices of other health professionals - $54,240Outpatient care centers - $49,520Individual and family services - $45,600 Training and Educational Requirements The American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT) suggests that the minimum training to become a marriage and family therapist includes a masters degree plus two years of supervised clinical experience. After completing these educational requirements, therapists must also pass state licensing exams. In addition to the basic training and educational requirements, it is important for professionals to have the characteristics that will allow them to succeed in the job. Interpersonal skills: Compassion and empathy are vital. Marriage and family therapists should be good at listening to their clients.Problem-solving abilities: Marriage and family therapists need to be able to deal with complex problems and come up with effective solutions.Ability to build trust: Therapists need to help their clients feel able to trust and share their innermost thoughts and feelings.Organizational skills: They also need to be able to keep track of case notes and other paperwork and manage billing and insurance claims, which is why organizational abilities are essential.Communication skills: Marriage and family therapists also collaborate with others including family members and healthcare professionals, so strong communication skills are a must. Comfort with different technologies can also be helpful. Marriage and family therapists often utilize a range of technology tools including video conferencing, accounting software, multi-line telephone systems, spreadsheet software, email, and medical software. Job Outlook As of 2012, there were an estimated 37,800 marriage and family therapists employed in the United States. The Occupational Outlook Handbook suggests that the projected job growth for the profession will grow at a rate faster than the average through the year 2020. They project an estimated 29 percent growth between the years 2012 and 2022.

Environmental Pollution And Its Effects - 1707 Words

Our planet has suffered from a great deal of pollution due to human activities over the ages, especially since the Industrial Revolution in the early 1800s (Changes since the Industrial Revolution, 2017). Pollution occurs when an environment cannot â€Å"decompose an element that has been brought to it in an unnatural way† (Amir, 2017). Despite some major consequences that result from this, the human population continues to cause considerable damage, creating 1.3 billion tonnes of rubbish every year (Philp, 2015), which contaminates waterways, land, and air and disrupts the complex structures of so many fragile ecosystems. Pollution is a â€Å"threat to the maintenance of a biosphere suitable for life as we know it† (Woodwell, 1970). Environmental†¦show more content†¦Bioremediation is the use of biological organisms, usually microorganisms, to break down harmful substances that have accumulated, into less toxic ones (Philp, 2015). This generally involves encouraging the growth of naturally occurring microbes in an area so that they proliferate and so aid in the removal of a toxin. Microbes recycle nutrients (Microbes at Work, 2017), clearing toxins from their environment under normal circumstances, but require assistance to do the job effectively, given the levels of pollution that humans have been causing. Adding nutrient resources, or adjusting temperature, pH or moisture content to stimulate the growth of microbes that are already present is called biostimulation (Adams, 2015). Bioremediation is already a widely used technique. Bacteria are employed in wastewater treatment plants to break down pollutants such as ammonia into harmless nitrogen gas. Bioremediation was used in the cleaning of 1.7 million cubic metres of land for the Olympic Park in London, which was previously a heavily polluted site due to long-term industrial activities (Philp, 2015). Bioremediation that uses naturally occurring microbial hydrocarbon degradation to speed up the breakdown of oil spills is also already employed (Atlas, 1991), and there is a lot of research being done in this area. Rates of decomposition in converting toxic hydrocarbons into water andShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1738 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental pollution is one of the biggest problems the world faces today. Pollution troubles humans economically, physically, and everyday of our lives. The outbreak of diseases is linked to the contamination of the environment; however, most people do not know about this problem. This fact shows that increasing environmental pollution needs to be taken care of a soon as possible, not only for the good of the environment, but also for the people that live in it. â€Å"Although environmental pollutionRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 Pagesleading to daytime work efficiency fall, resulting in psychological stress. 2. Environmental pollution harm has two main aspects: 1. Heat island effect from the perspective of the geographical circulation of heat, because the night lighting caused unnecessary energy loss (including generating heat loss and lighting loss), is bound to increase electric effect throughout the city, thereby exacerbating urban heat island effect. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Introduction. In this area, we will discuss aboutRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Pollution On The Environment1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Environmental pollution is a major problem in the world, posing many health risks to both humans and the environment when exposed to the pollutants for long periods of time. Environmental pollution can simply be defined as â€Å"the presence in the environment of an agent which is potentially damaging to either the environment or human health (Briggs, 2003, 2).† There are many different types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Environmental pollution needsRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment3497 Words   |  14 Pages Nowadays environmental pollution is one of the hottest topics in society. Ned Haluzan concludes,â€Å"The most appropriate definition of environmental pollution would be the introduction of different harmful pollutants into certain environment that makes this environment unhealthy to live in.†(1) In other words, the natural environment has been destroyed by human activities, and thus harmful to the phenomenon of humans and other organisms for survival and development. With continued increaseRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Water Pollution1852 Words   |  8 PagesWater pollution is a widespread environmental issue that impacts not only the environment, but the human quality of life, the economy, society, and politics. There are many sources of water pollution, one of those being the non-point source that is agriculture. Agriculture, specifically in the state of Massachusetts, affects surface and ground water quality. Depending on if a farm is growing crops or taking care of livestock, pollution to our ground and surface water often occurs on and around farmRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Water Pollution980 Words   |  4 Pagestaken a part of. It’s a program that aims to help the health of people, animals, and the environment. This is a very important initiative especially now due to the rise of water pollution. One of our biggest environmental threats is water pollution. Not only does it affect our ecosystem, but it also harms us. Water pollution is a very vast topic with many components. One of the ways we are personally affected is by the fish, they eat bits of plastic thinking its food and then we eat the fish. ThisRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Plastic Pollution1958 Words   |  8 Pagesplastic pollution harm marine life, but it affects the entire ecosystem. 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According to Derrick JensenRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Water Pollution1128 Words   |  5 Pageshazardous effects on the environment, killing over fourteen million birds, and one hundred thousand sea mammals. The environment is coming back for revenge on humans by contaminating drinking water. The quality of drinking water is getting significantly worse for humans compared to what it was one hundred years ago Where the industrial revolution created new sources of water pollution, resulting in the clean water act of nin eteen forty eight. This was the first law to regulate pollution, and set theRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Country Of Indonesia1694 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing pollution issues, including: mass deforestation, smog, water pollution, and various other forms of environmental destruction. As a poverty ridden nation lead by a government with too few resources at its disposal the issues of extreme pollution are often put on hold to other societal issues. In Indonesia, many forms of environmental pollution / destruction are not only affecting their population of well over a hundred million people, but also the surrounding areas, these forms of pollution include:

Personal Narrative My Perfect Life - 989 Words

Behind my surgically corrected smile, there is another story: a story of pain, suffering, and prosperity. In my earlier years, I had what some may call a perfect life. I had a mother and father who loved me, a sister who adored me, and a 2-story house, with my own playground set, which I found absolutely spectacular. On Molly Sue Lane, some of my greatest memories were formed. I remember my Strawberry Shortcake birthday party in the pool house, playing hide-and-seek when my dad came home, (or when I got in trouble) and putting out milk in an attempt to catch the adorable rabbits that would always find themselves in my backyard. I loved learning, especially since I was homeschooled by my mom. My favorite part was the luxury to wake up†¦show more content†¦Family and friends would catch me on video trying to compose music. I would imagine that my little fingers were creating a masterpiece, when in reality, something near nonsense was escaping the strings through sound vibratio n. However, when I moved to Bermuda, my piano was left behind. (My mom was offered a job with the Bermuda Government.) Living in Bermuda also offered us family support (all of my mom’s family lived in Bermuda). We moved into my grandmother’s house where we all stayed in one bedroom with one bed. In addition to the new living arrangements, this would also be my first year in traditional schooling. I started the third grade at The Bermuda Institute of Seventh-day Adventists. If you didn’t know me then, you would never believe that I was the quietest person in my class. My version of talking was a whisper. Some may have even thought that I was mute. It was around this time that my mom lost our houses in Georgia. Not only did she loose our houses, but she also struggled to pay my sister’s and my school fees and to make ends meet. Even with financial aid from my school and contributions from my family, we were often put on financial suspension or kept from tak ing semester exams because we had outstanding balances. Some years we didn’t even start school on time. Later that year, we moved out of my grandmother’s house and into a rental- my mother’s attempt at giving us a normal life. Of course, paying rent added to the already expensive living costs thatShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Life Was Perfect1589 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   My life was perfect. Every morning I woke up and my clothes were at the foot of my bed, my breakfast was on my table, and my servants were waiting to fill my bath. I had no reason to be unhappy, but I was. Everything was boring. There was nothing new to see, as if the world was devoid of anything original. The women, ladies and peasants alike, weren’t anything to look at, each the same with brown hair, blue eyes, and pale skin. I went out into my kingdom and the people were all the same, sellingRead MoreIllness Narrative Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMy Illness Narrative Sharing and listening to the illness narratives in class is an experience that I do not think I could ever forget. Listening to people share their raw emotions and stories of struggle and illness was eye opening, My own illness narrative could be described as a quest narrative and more specifically an automythology. This is because as I stated in my presentation, I became a better person, adopted skills that helped me deal with my father’s illness, understood what it is likeRead MoreFor Many Human Beings, It Is Natural To Go Through Multiple1714 Words   |  7 Pagesbut Adele has a certain theme to her songs besides love; rather it is a theme of her personal growth of self value regarding the chronological stages of her conflicted relationships. Besides Adele, this is a topic that many people may go through as the objective is to learn from their mistakes and better future relationships through trial and error. This improvement may be seen in the academic article, â€Å"Pers onal Growth Following Romantic Relationship Breakups† by Ty Tashiro and Patricia Frazier.Read MoreComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosaw ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesvery different. Candide is a philosophical satirical novel that ingeniously shakes the misinterpretation of doctrinal optimism. Whilst A Narrative of the Life of James Albert Ukawsaw Gronniosaw written by himself, (For the purpose of this essay, ‘A Narrative.’) is an autobiographical, and spiritual account of Gronniosaw’s Journey. This essay will look at the narrative techniques and the distinctive features of the language used in both extracts. (Voltaire, Gronniosaw, A230, Assessment Guide, 2013)Read MoreAnalysis Of Mother Tongue By Amy Tan913 Words   |  4 Pagesby Amy Tan In the narrative essay, â€Å"Mother Tongue† by Amy Tan, the author sets out the story between her mother, whose English is her second language, and Tan herself can speak native English very well. The essay covers the tonal shift of Amy Tan s psychological change, from grudge to understanding. Although she begins the essay saying, I am not a scholar of English or literature. I cannot give you much more than personal opinions on the English language and its variationsRead MorePersonality Can Be A Hard Concept To Pinpoint, Considering1315 Words   |  6 Pagesextravert. For me I believe my personal narrative has had a large impact on my personality and so I am going to start there. I believe that an individuals personal narrative can be one of the most telling signs of one’s true personality, or at least what got them to how they are today. Most of the theories and the personality tests are used to apply to the masses and they are then able to portion off smaller groups to certain personalities. With a personal narrative however, this really dives deepRead MoreTravel and Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesGot Her Groove Back, a novel about a woman, Stella Payne, searching for happiness and self-fulfillment, we discover that the resort workers had no benefits outside of a room to sleep on and food. The greatest disadvantage of tourism, in my opinion, is the narrative that tourists are sold when the visit their destination countries. This is due to that cultural deconstruction occurring on most ‘host† countries. The true culture of a nation is lost in the midst of the â€Å"performances† that are put on forRead MoreThe Heroes From Each Narrative1590 Words   |  7 PagesBoth of the heroes from each narrative face a certain goal to accomplish yet struggle in life at first in their own personal ways. For instance, in Tomorrowland Casey Newton, playing the role as the main character in the story and also playing the hero figure faces the challenge of reaching another dimension called Tomorrowland and also faces living with her father who is struggling with the fact that he might lose his job. And in the film Meet the Robinsons Lewis the main character and the filmsRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath, By Atul Gawande1344 Words   |  6 Pagesof practicing medicine, ma intaining respect for patients, and preserving humility within themselves. Modern day practice of this oath involve patient’s stories. Rita Charon in her article â€Å"What to do with Stories? The sciences of Narrative Medicine,† explores narrative writing and how to use it as a tool in healing patients. While Charon focuses on the writing of these stories, Atul Gawande’s book Being Mortal reflects on how to make more meaningful endings out of the stories of patients who areRead MoreI Am The Product Of Clark County Educational System Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesReflection Introduction Writing has never been my forte. Nevertheless, this is not to say that I could not write. Throughout the semester with the assigned reading assignments and the given practical writing exercises I have come to grasp a vague understanding, I had never been taught how to write essays correctly. I am the product of Clark County Educational system. I have always struggled through my last classes and hoped to get out of my struggles this semester. One the greatest challenges that

Positive and negative imacts on environment Free Essays

Humans are the cause for many problems on the environment, right? Actually, humans cause many positive effects In nature. The human race may have had many negative impacts on the environment, however we have also made an equal number of positive impacts. We have not yet made our environment the best it can be, but we are working hard to tix the problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive and negative imacts on environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is much more that can be done. The human race can be blamed for destroying our environment by doing things such as leaving trash on the beaches and polluting the air with car exhaust. By building on nd near beaches, humans are destroying the nesting grounds for sea turtles, birds, and other beach plants. We also tend to fish too much. While fishing, some people become very careless and sometimes destroy coral reefs that grow on the ocean floor. Humans wlll do anything to protect the beach. such as, building concrete barriers to prevent erosion. All these impacts we make on our environment are slowly turning into positive ones, because of the steps we have begun to take to fix them. If we are trying to fix them our children will see the great effects we are making on the nvironment and want to follow our example. Humans have learned to increase the amount of crop yields to feed the hungry. In doing this we can have healthier humans that want to help get the environment back on track. Along with this idea we are also trying to use natural resources Instead of harsh chemicals, which In turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put Into the environment the less chance we have of destroying our ozone layer. Also there will be less of a chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop ields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways It can have a posluve effect on the environment, but in some other ways it can also harm it. It can help the environment by giving the insects and animals more food to survive. The more animals that survive the better the environment will be. Without the existence of animals there would be no environment for humans. In many ways this cant help the environment, one of these ways is because we humans want to try to keep the animals away from the crops. Why? They want more food. To do this we will have to se more chemicals. The more chemicals we use, the more negative impacts we put on the environment, rather than positive effects. In almost all situations, all we have to do Is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative Impact on the environment. Just remember when you make positive choices you will always get positive results back. positive and negative imacts on environment By ramyanp7 humans cause many positive effects in nature. The human race may have had many are working hard to fix the problems. There is much more that can be done. The loor. Humans will do anything to protect the beach, such as, building concrete are also trying to use natural resources instead of harsh chemicals, which in turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put into the be less ofa chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop fields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways it can have a positive animals there would be no environment for humans. In many ways this can’t help to do is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative impact How to cite Positive and negative imacts on environment, Papers Positive and Negative Imacts on Environment Free Essays Humans are the cause for many problems on the environment, right? Actually, humans cause many positive effects in nature. The human race may have had many negative impacts on the environment, however we have also made an equal number of positive impacts. We have not yet made our environment the best it can be, but we are working hard to fix the problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive and Negative Imacts on Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is much more that can be done. The human race can be blamed for destroying our environment by doing things such as leaving trash on the beaches and polluting the air with car exhaust. By building on and near beaches, humans are destroying the nesting grounds for sea turtles, birds, and other beach plants. We also tend to fish too much. While fishing, some people become very careless and sometimes destroy coral reefs that grow on the ocean floor. Humans will do anything to protect the beach, such as, building concrete barriers to prevent erosion. All these impacts we make on our environment are slowly turning into positive ones, because of the steps we have begun to take to fix them. If we are trying to fix them our children will see the great effects we are making on the environment and want to follow our example. Humans have learned to increase the amount of crop yields to feed the hungry. In doing this we can have healthier humans that want to help get the environment back on track. Along with this idea we are also trying to use natural resources instead of harsh chemicals, which in turn will create a positive impact on the environment. The fewer chemicals we put into the environment the less chance we have of destroying our ozone layer. Also there will be less of a chance of contaminating our water, as well. Could having more crop fields be a positive effect on the environment? In many ways it can have a positive effect on the environment, but in some other ways it can also harm it. It can help the environment by giving the insects and animals more food to survive. The more animals that survive the better the environment will be. Without the existence of animals there would be no environment for humans. In many ways this can’t help the environment, one of these ways is because we humans want to try to keep the animals away from the crops. Why? They want more food. To do this we will have to use more chemicals. The more chemicals we use, the more negative impacts we put on the environment, rather than positive effects. In almost all situations, all we have to do is choose whether or not we want to make a positive impact or negative impact on the environment. Just remember when you make positive choices you will always get positive results back. How to cite Positive and Negative Imacts on Environment, Papers

The Swanston St Wall Collapse Report

The contributing factors Investigators believe that a gust of a strong wind that hit the city could have contributed to the collapse of the Swanston St Wall. According to the data from the Bureau of Meteorology, the estimated speed of the wind was 102 km/h at the time (shortly before 3 pm) the wall collapsed (Millar and Lucas, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Swanston St Wall Collapse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Bureau of Metrology estimated that the â€Å"average wind speed for a 10-minute period at 3 pm was 83 km/h† (Millar and Lucas, 2013). The Bureau considers a wind of such a magnitude as strong and has the ability to dislocate roofs from houses and break limbs from trees. Another possible cause of the wall collapse is the sign that had been hanging there for the last 17 months. As a result, many investigators have focused on the possible role of the advertisement board. They belie ved that it could have created a sail-like effect in such a strong wind. Finally, investigators would also focus on tree roots to determine if they could have cracked and made the wall weak (Shand and Baxendale, 2013). What happened? Architectural engineers concurred that, if the advertisement sign was notably higher than the wall that held it, then there were chances that it tampered with the safety of the wall (Millar and Gough, 2013). In this respect, the signboard acted as a sail or parachute when the strong wing hit the city. This potentially enhanced the collapse of the Swanston St Wall. Some tenants who occupy the opposite buildings noted that the advertisement sign was more than one metre taller than the brick wall that held it. Richard Eckhaus, an engineer from the Engineers Australia Structural College noted that a taller hoarding than the wall could have contributed to the collapse of the wall. The outcomes The collapsed wall hit straight on the footpath and caused severe injuries to three pedestrians, who were passing near the wall when it collapsed. They sustained injuries from the falling debris and bricks.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Three people also lost their lives. They included â€Å"Alexander Jones, 19 years old; Marie-Faith Fiawoo, 33 years old and Bridget Jones, 18 years old. Both Alexander and Marie-Faith died at the scene of the accident due to injuries they sustained while Bridget Jones succumbed to her injuries after three days while undergoing treatment. Australian authorities have embarked on a series of investigations in order to ascertain the exact cause of the collapse. Different city authorities have also called for a countrywide inspection of dangerous buildings in order to avert any potential future disasters. In addition, the State Coroner also initiated initial hearings into the death of three pedestrians. The status of investigations into this accident Currently, investigations are underway to ascertain causes of the collapse and its consequences. However, some of the architects have already reacted by questioning the safety of the brick walls constructed in the 1960s and 1970s (Millar and Gough, 2013). Trevor Huggard, an engineer and a former Melbourne lord mayor noted that â€Å"a building regulation dating back to the 1930s, but still in place, dictates that such external walls must not be more than 6 feet, or 1.8 metres, high† (Millar and Gough, 2013). In addition, he also observed that the wall met the standard approach of an external building wall construction at the time. However, after a careful review of the photographs, the engineer concluded that the Swanston St Wall was poorly constructed. The wall lacked a significant number of metal ties, which were responsible for holding the two courses of the wall together. In addition, the wall seemed to lack buttresses or any o ther supports. Haggard concluded that the brick wall â€Å"appeared to contravene every rule in the book† (Millar and Gough, 2013). Who was responsible? According to Planning Ministry, the property developer has the responsibility of obtaining all the relevant permits for the site (Vedelago and Johanson, 2013). The Melbourne City Council has the responsibility of ensuring that such developers adhere to the city regulations. On the other hand, the City Council responded that the Ministry had the responsibility of issuing planning permits for the site. These two offices demonstrate that issues of who bear responsibility for such accidents are daunting. Clearly, the Planning Ministry must ensure effective planning while the City Council has the authority on all structures within the public domain and any advertisement. In addition, the Building Commission and WorkSafe also have responsibilities in this case.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Swanston St Wall Collapse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, all relevant government agencies bear ethical responsibility for the collapsed wall. Further investigations would prove whether the owner of the site had relevant documents, including advertisement permit. These investigations would show the government agency that has a legal responsibility of the collapsed wall. The owner of the building site and some of his engineers bear legal responsibility for the collapsed wall. Possibly, they would face criminal charges if all the investigations conclude that the collapse took place due to negligence of the owner and engineers. WorkSafe must investigate the collapse of the Swanston St Wall. It may also be prudent to invite Melbourne North Crime Investigation Unit to probe the collapse of the wall. Some observers believe that the construction company (Grocon) bear legal responsibility because of the signboard (Shand and Baxendale, 2013). W orkSafe must probe whether the wall had a proper support and what the billboard and the wind did to cause the collapse of the wall. Legal liabilities will depend on whether WorkSafe finds â€Å"evidence of negligence on the part of the owners, workers, contractors, or managers for any work that was done or failed to be done on the site† (Vedelago and Johanson, 2013). According to the Occupation Health and Safety Act, an employer has â€Å"a duty to ensure that the public is not exposed to health or safety risks from work sites† (Australian Government, 2013). WorkSafe has the ability to present cases for prosecution under different states’ health and safety acts (WorkSafe Victoria, 2013). In some circumstance, the body may refer some cases to the Director of Public Prosecutions for prosecution under the Crimes Act (WorkSafe Victoria, 2013). Overall, all parties involved in regulation of city structures, the owner of the structure, and the engineers have ethical a nd legal responsibilities to protect the public from such accidents.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Was the accident foreseeable and preventable? The Swanston St Wall was not heritage listed. This may raise questions on why the wall was still there, although it is almost a century old. For several years, councillors and other parties that ensure safety of the city have claimed that the sight like CUB Swanston St should not be â€Å"cleared or partly cleared until the proposed development is ready to begin after approval and funding† (Millar and Gough, 2013). This indicates that wall was dangerous to the public and constructors on the site. It is also imperative to note that the city authorities once cleared the site as a bombsite. However, the developer and city authorities did not take any action to ensure that the place was safe. Usually, a bombsite has high risks than other finished structures. The developer failed to develop the Swanston Square as required. This increased the public exposure to the danger of the wall. Hence, the accident was foreseeable and preventable. Possible Prosecution by WorkSafe under the Victorian OHS Act 2004 The major role of OHS Act is to ensure â€Å"the health and safety of employees rest with employers, as well as any person who has the ability to control the health and safety of employees through their acts or omissions† (Australian Government, 2013). The OHS sets the standards and required guidelines for compliance with various laws of OHS. Different states have their standards rules in order to reduce cases of unexpected danger. The OHS implementation also depends on specific industries or fields of employment. The WorkSafe should be constructive and accountable in order to ensure compliance among stakeholders as required. Moreover, WorkSafe also offers advice and assistance for employees and employers on how to enhance their safety at workplaces. The OHS Act 2004 places the onus on the owner of the site (employer) who should ensure that employees are safe and healthy. WorkSafe must ensure effective investi gation and regulation by providing â€Å"clear, accessible advice and guidance about what constitutes compliance with the Act and Regulations† (WorkSafe Victoria, 2013). The agency must use Compliance Codes, WorkSafe standards, and any other requirements, which depend on the nature of the job to warrant investigations. WorkSafe must provide convincing solutions on the matter of who was responsible for safety of the wall and permit for the attached hoarding. The permit of the billboard has remained a contentious issue since the collapse of the wall. For instance, the Melbourne City Council has insisted that it did not issue any permit and the issue of responsibility lies with the State Planning Ministry. On the other hand, the Planning Minister noted that the City Council was responsible for enforcing all city laws. The property developer has refused to comment on the matter. Overall, one must note that the issue of the hoarding permit is a delicate matter between the City Cou ncil and the Planning Ministry. This situation has made it difficult for the public to determine who bears the responsibility because of negligence. WorkSafe must harmonious several regulations and establish the relationship between these regulations. The agency must be able to show various points of action for different authorities in managing city buildings and sites. Hence, WorkSafe must establish who is responsible for the safety of the site, the building, and the collapsed wall. WorkSafe must also establish whether there was a legal onus for the owner of the building and the developer to provide regular updates about the deterioration condition of the wall and public safety measures. According to legal requirements, owners of derelict sites must provide such information annually to the government (Shand, 2013). The Agency must resolve the conflict between the City Council and the Planning Ministry with the issue of the hoarding approval. According to the City Council, the Plann ing Ministry is responsible for the planning permit of the site. In addition, the Ministry also controls large plots, which are above 25,000sq m in size. On the contrary, the Planning Ministry says that the City Council approves all hoarding within the city. Approval of the advertisement billboard was not a part of the Ministry’s role. The Planning Ministry only provided a permit for the development of the site, but it failed to ensure that the development commenced as required under the law. Shand notes that, â€Å"Melbourne City Council has been unable to locate paperwork relating to any application† (Shand, 2013). Given the squabble between these two government agencies, it would be difficult for WorkSafe to hold any of them accountable unless issues of roles and responsibilities become clear. WorkSafe may only prosecute the owner of the site and the engineer for negligence on safety of the public. Some of the â€Å"lessons learned† from The Swanston St Wall Collapse Several engineers pointed at the hoarding as a possible contributor to the collapse of the wall because it was taller than the wall that held it. In this respect, the hoarding could have acted as a parachute for the wind. Clear, walls should not bear advertisement billboards that are taller than they are in Melbourne, especially in windy areas. In addition, Melbourne has strong winds, which can make walls constructed in 1960s to collapse. There is a need to review and audit conditions and safety of such walls in the country and report on their conditions. There are many ‘bombsites’ in Australia, which are not heritage listed. An audit would review the number of such walls and provide safety to the public against any possible collapse from strong winds. The OHS Act 2004 is clear on the roles and responsibilities of employers and employees in the workplace. However, this is not the case with the Planning Ministry and the Melbourne City Council. These arms of the government have overlapping roles in managing sites and issuing of permits. There is no clear point on where their duties end. This has made it difficult to hold any department accountable for the collapsed wall. Hence, the Planning Ministry and the City Council require a new definition of their roles and responsibilities. Law enforcement has not been effective in managing derelict sites. For instance, the owner of such buildings should provide annual updates about conditions of their structures with regard to public safety. In addition, they should also develop such sites immediately after the issuance of permits. However, it is obvious that the owner of the Swanston St Wall site did not do so. This is a violation of public safety rules, which WorkSafe should not tolerate. The Swanston St did not have an adequate exclusion area for pedestrians. This is a mandatory requirement in public places, which have ongoing construction works. Engineers believe that the wall lacked adequate re inforcement. Unreinforced brick walls are highly prone to cracks after several years. Moreover, they can easily collapse under pressure from strong winds. Strong reinforcement is necessary for such walls (Ayub, 2010). Engineers noted that the foundation of the collapsed wall did not have strong buttresses and supports. In addition, it lacked any form of reinforcement to resist possible pressure from strong winds or hoarding boards (Levy and Salvadori, 1992). It is important to build strong buttresses and support systems for walls in order to resist strong winds, cracks, and weights. Braces are also necessary in double walls to keep them together. Engineers examined the photographs and noted cracks. The wall was unable to resist the strong winds and support the hoarding that created a sail-like effect in the strong wind. This could have caused the collapse of the wall. The brick walls tend to crack fast under pressure. Analysis of the photographs revealed several cracks on the brick wall. Many engineers believed that they could have resulted from tree roots due to a weak foundation (Petroski, 1994). It is important to note that the developer and the owner could have prevented the accident because they knew all about safety requirements for such structures. The lack of the support from the ground was rather obvious. Additional of the advertisement billboard was a big mistake. The site owner could have ignored yearly audit required to ascertain the safety of the structure. Although numbers of collapsing structures are not common in Australia relative to other places, such cases indicate potentially dangerous buildings that can collapse under such extreme conditions (Wearne, 2000). Description and justification any changes to existing professional engineering practices, work practices, OHS legislation, or OHS regulation in Victoria The OSH Act 2004 provides clear safety requirements and practices for employers and employees at the workplace to observe and maintain . However, in this case, neither the employer nor the engineer observed the OSH Act requirements. In this regard, risk control is a process that all stakeholders must observe in the construction industry. The site took more than seven years after approval before any construction could begin. This is against the regulation, which requires that developer must start immediate construction after approval. The law should be strict on such site owners and developers. All constructions should have clear erection guidelines, which are specific to the site of construction. Such sites are prone to danger than other sites. Hence, the site must adhere to set guidelines. Tall walls may also require additional support during construction to support loads (Virdi, 2000). The drawing must capture such requirements. Engineers must insist on exclusion zones to keep away the public from potential collapse zones. This was not the case at the CUB Swanston St. There should be clear signs for pedestrians t o avoid such paths. However, the developer did not put a warning sign to the public. The OSH Act 2004 and WorkSafe should understand roles and responsibilities of the Planning Ministry and the City Council. These two organisations tend to engage in squabbles during such crises. WorkSafe should approach investigations based on specific legal and ethical responsibilities of various parties. There is a need to insist on professional and ethical engineering practices at workplaces. Engineers have professional, ethical, and legal responsibilities at the workplace. Adequate awareness and education can promote good practices during construction. Finally, OSH and WorkSafe should insist on classic scientific methods on investigating structural failures and collapsed buildings. Review of the evidence should be systematic. Investigators should conduct careful analyses of photographic documentation, measurements of the structures against approved limits, and other clues that may provide substan tial evidence (Feld and Carper, 1997). Witnesses are important in effective investigation of any accidents. This process must also include a thorough analysis of construction documents and geotechnical reports of the site. Engineers should observe the site and provide their opinions before disasters strike. They can develop several hypotheses to explain the cause of structural failures for future improvement. Finally, every stage must undergo a thorough analysis by using engineering standards. This is the best method to gauge the party responsible for the structural failure. Reference List Australian Government 2013, Australian Occupation Health and Safety Act, http://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4732/australian-occupational-health-and-safety-ohs-laws.aspx Ayub, M 2010, ‘Structural Collapses During Construction: Lessons Learned, 1990-2008’, Structure Magazine, pp. 1-8. Feld, J and Carper, K 1997, Construction Failure, John Wiley Sons, New York. Levy, M and Salvadori, M 1992, Why Buildings Fall Down, Norton Co, New York. Millar, R and Gough, D 2013, The wall, and why it collapsed http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/the-wall-and-why-it-collapsed-20130402-2h56t.html Millar, R and Lucas, C 2013, Freak winds may have led to fatal brick wall collapse http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/freak-winds-may-have-led-to-fatal-brick-wall-collapse-20130522-2k1oj.html Petroski, H 1994, Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Shand, A 2013, Doubts Grocon had permit for hoarding, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/doubts-grocon-had-permit-for-hoarding/story-e6frg6nf-1226612035139 Shand, A and Baxendale, R 2013, Questions raised over role of Grocon billboard in wall collapse http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/questions-raised-over-role-of-grocon-billboard-in-wall-collapse/story-e6frg6nf-1226610483038 Vedelago, C and Johanson, S 2013, Owners could be charged over wall fall as Grocon under fire. http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/owners-could-be-charged-over-wall-fall-as-grocon-under-fire-20130329-2gyrj.html Virdi, K 2000, Abnormal Loading on Structures: Experimental and Numerical Modelling, Taylor Francis, New York. Wearne, P 2000, Collapse: when buildings fall down, TV Books, Orlando. WorkSafe Victoria 2013, Occupational Health Safety, http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/laws-and-regulations/occupational-health-and-safety. 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